焦爐煤氣發電機組：年浪費350億方副產煤氣，內燃機發電1方發1.1度電，焦化廠降本破局利器

　　Coke oven gas generator set: Annual waste of 35 billion cubic meters of by-product gas, internal combustion engine generates 1.1 kWh of electricity per cubic meter, a powerful tool for cost reduction and breakthrough in coking plants

　　隨著焦化行業的發展，焦爐煤氣除部分返回焦爐加熱外，剩余主要作為城市煤氣，還有相當數量的焦爐煤氣會通過火炬燃燒放空。據估計每年約有350×108m3以上的焦爐煤氣未被有效利用而付之一炬，這不僅造成環境污染，還浪費了大量能源。根據焦爐煤氣的特點（含氫量高），我國焦化行業應進一步開發出符合企業特點的應用技術，進而實現煤氣資源的優化開發利用，增加焦爐煤氣的利用價值，增強煉焦行業的整體競爭力。近年來，我國焦爐煤氣利用程度不斷提高，在開發利用技術方面進行了一系列探索，本文總結出七種常用的焦爐煤氣綜合利用節能技術。

　　With the development of the coking industry, in addition to some returning to the coke oven for heating, the remaining coke oven gas is mainly used as urban gas, and a considerable amount of coke oven gas will be burned and released through torches. It is estimated that over 350 × 108m3 of coke oven gas is burned every year without being effectively utilized, which not only causes environmental pollution but also wastes a large amount of energy. Based on the characteristics of coke oven gas (high hydrogen content), China's coking industry should further develop application technologies that are in line with the characteristics of enterprises, in order to optimize the development and utilization of gas resources, increase the utilization value of coke oven gas, and enhance the overall competitiveness of the coking industry. In recent years, the utilization level of coke oven gas in China has been continuously improved, and a series of explorations have been made in the development and utilization technology. This article summarizes seven commonly used energy-saving technologies for comprehensive utilization of coke oven gas.

　　一、焦爐煤氣用作氣體燃料焦爐煤氣是優質的中熱值氣體燃料，其熱值為17兆焦~19兆焦/標準立方米，煤氣的主要成分（體積百分比）為氫55％~60％、甲烷23％~27%、一氧化碳5％~8％，含兩個以上的碳原子的不飽和烴2％~4％，以及少量的二氧化碳、氮、氧等。由于我國油氣資源缺乏，為解決大中城市民用燃氣緊張的問題，20世紀80年代焦爐煤氣曾一度廣泛應用于民用燃氣領城。

　　1、 Coke oven gas is used as a gas fuel. Coke oven gas is a high-quality medium calorific value gas fuel with a calorific value of 17 to 19 megajoules per standard cubic meter. The main components (volume percentage) of the gas are hydrogen 55% to 60%, methane 23% to 27%, carbon monoxide 5% to 8%, unsaturated hydrocarbons containing two or more carbon atoms 2% to 4%, and small amounts of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, etc. Due to the lack of oil and gas resources in China, coke oven gas was widely used in the civilian gas industry in the 1980s to solve the problem of gas shortage in large and medium-sized cities.

　　目前，在天然氣還沒有通達而焦化行業有一定基礎的地區，焦爐煤氣仍是民用煤氣和其他工業生產的主要氣體燃料提供者。如我國景德鎮等地將焦爐煤氣用作陶瓷廠窯爐的加熱燃料，生產出優質的陶瓷制品。此外，焦爐煤氣還可用作水泥和玻璃等工業生產的燃料。

　　At present, in areas where natural gas is not yet accessible but the coking industry has a certain foundation, coke oven gas remains the main gas fuel provider for civilian gas and other industrial production. In places like Jingdezhen in China, coke oven gas is used as heating fuel for ceramic factory kilns to produce high-quality ceramic products. In addition, coke oven gas can also be used as fuel for industrial production such as cement and glass.

　　二、利用焦爐煤氣發電由于焦爐普遍采用了高效的煙氣余熱回收技術，約有50％~55％的焦爐煤氣富余，我國許多焦化企業將剩余的焦爐煤氣用于發電。焦爐煤氣發電有三種方式，分別為蒸汽發電（熱電聯產）、燃氣輪機發電和內燃機發電，目前這幾種發電方式在國內均有應用，技術成熟。如果焦化企業與高電耗生產匹配或與發供電企業聯營，且上網電價合適，焦爐煤氣用于發電可作為優先選擇的技術路之一。其運行與管理簡便，生產作業間長，可采取多種方式，企業收益穩定。1、蒸汽發電，熱電聯產供熱與發電兼用

　　2、 Due to the widespread use of efficient flue gas waste heat recovery technology in coke ovens, about 50% to 55% of coke oven gas is surplus. Many coking enterprises in China use the surplus coke oven gas for power generation. There are three ways to generate electricity from coke oven gas, namely steam power generation (cogeneration), gas turbine power generation, and internal combustion engine power generation. Currently, these power generation methods are widely used in China and have mature technologies. If coking enterprises are matched with high electricity consumption production or jointly operated with power generation and supply enterprises, and the on grid electricity price is appropriate, using coke oven gas for power generation can be one of the preferred technological paths. Its operation and management are simple, the production operation is long, multiple methods can be adopted, and the enterprise's income is stable. 1. Steam power generation, combined heat and power generation for both heating and power generation

　　蒸汽發電由鍋爐-凝氣式氣輪機-發電機組成。該工藝以焦爐煤氣作為熱源燃燒鍋爐，生成高壓蒸汽，用以帶動汽輪機、發電機而發電。蒸汽發電技術過關、成熟可靠。在我國焦化行業應用較廣泛，但其系統復雜、占地面積大、啟動時間長。2、焦爐煤氣用于燃氣輪機發電

　　Steam power generation consists of a boiler condensing gas turbine generator. This process uses coke oven gas as a heat source to burn boilers and generate high-pressure steam, which is used to drive steam turbines and generators to generate electricity. Steam power generation technology is mature and reliable. It is widely used in China's coking industry, but its system is complex, occupies a large area, and has a long start-up time. 2. Coke oven gas used for gas turbine power generation

　　燃氣輪機發電是用焦爐煤氣直接燃燒，驅動燃氣輪機以帶動發電機發電。燃氣輪機發電機組設備緊湊、占地少、效率高、效益好、啟動速度快。不過，燃氣輪機運行一段時間后必須遠距離運回制造廠檢修，因此需要較多的備品，要求工人有較高的技術素質。3、燃氣--蒸汽聯合循環發電技術（CCPP）

　　Gas turbine power generation is achieved by directly burning coke oven gas to drive the gas turbine, which in turn drives the generator to generate electricity. The gas turbine generator set is compact, occupies less land, has high efficiency, good benefits, and fast starting speed. However, after running for a period of time, gas turbines must be transported back to the manufacturing plant for maintenance at a long distance, requiring a large number of spare parts and requiring workers to have high technical skills. 3. Gas Steam Combined Cycle Power Generation Technology (CCPP)

　　該技術的基本原理是將剩余的焦爐煤氣和回收的高爐煤氣經凈化、混合、加壓后送往燃氣輪機燃燒、膨脹做功，帶動燃氣輪發電機組發電。同時燃氣輪機排放的高溫煙氣加熱余熱鍋爐，產生蒸汽，帶動蒸汽輪發電機組，形成聯合循環發電。燃氣--蒸汽聯合發電是熱能資源的高效梯級綜合利用，其發電效率高達45％以上，實現了鋼電聯產，目前我國的濟鋼、寶鋼、太鋼、沙鋼、通鋼、鞍鋼、馬鋼、邯鋼安鋼、漣鋼等多家鋼廠都在使用該技術。4、用煤氣內燃機帶動發電機發電

　　The basic principle of this technology is to purify, mix, and pressurize the remaining coke oven gas and recovered blast furnace gas before sending them to a gas turbine for combustion, expansion, and power generation, driving the gas turbine generator set to generate electricity. At the same time, the high-temperature flue gas emitted by the gas turbine heats the waste heat boiler, generates steam, and drives the steam turbine generator unit to form a combined cycle power generation. Gas steam combined power generation is an efficient cascade comprehensive utilization of thermal energy resources, with a power generation efficiency of over 45%, realizing the co production of steel and electricity. Currently, many steel mills in China, such as Jigang, Baosteel, Taiyuan Iron and Steel, Shagang, Tonggang, Ansteel, Magang, Handan Iron and Steel, and Lianyungang, are using this technology. 4. Using a gas internal combustion engine to drive a generator to generate electricity

　　我國山東、山西、寧夏、安微、河北、新疆、內蒙古、云南、江蘇等地的一些焦化廠采用煤氣內燃機發電。可供選擇的焦爐煤氣內燃機發電機組有400千瓦、500千瓦、1200千瓦和2000年瓦。目前焦化行業大多采用的是500千瓦焦爐煤氣內燃機發電機組。按焦爐煤氣熱值（低熱值）16720千焦/立方米計算，1立方米焦爐煤氣可發電1.1千瓦時。

　　Some coking plants in Shandong, Shanxi, Ningxia, Anhui, Hebei, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Jiangsu and other places in China use gas internal combustion engines to generate electricity. The available options for coke oven gas internal combustion engine generator sets are 400 kW, 500 kW, 1200 kW, and 2000 kW. At present, the coking industry mostly uses 500 kW coke oven gas internal combustion engine generator sets. According to the calorific value (low calorific value) of 16720 kilojoules per cubic meter of coke oven gas, 1 cubic meter of coke oven gas can generate 1.1 kilowatt hours of electricity.

　　三、利用焦爐煤氣制氫焦爐煤氣中的氫含量達55％~60％，是重要的氫資源提供者。目前，焦爐煤氣制氫的主要方法是采用變壓吸附技術（PSA）從冷焦爐煤氣中分離氫氣，該工藝生產的氫氣純度可達99.99％，從上世紀80年代開始，我國寶鋼、鞍鋼、武鋼、本鋼、包鋼等鋼鐵企業先后建設了多套100立方米/時至5000立方米/時、純度為99.999％的焦爐煤氣變壓吸附制氫裝置，其中投產運行時間最長的一套已達20多年。我國有多家鋼鐵企業采用PSA從焦爐煤氣中分離氫氣，用作軋鋼廠保護性氣體。

　　3、 The use of coke oven gas for hydrogen production has a hydrogen content of 55% to 60%, making it an important hydrogen resource provider. At present, the main method for hydrogen production from coke oven gas is to use pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology to separate hydrogen from cold coke oven gas. The purity of hydrogen produced by this process can reach 99.99%. Since the 1980s, China's steel enterprises such as Baosteel, Ansteel, Wugang, Benxi Iron and Steel, and Baosteel have successively built multiple sets of coke oven gas PSA hydrogen production units with a purity of 99.999%, ranging from 100 cubic meters/hour to 5000 cubic meters/hour. Among them, the longest operating set has been in operation for more than 20 years. Several steel companies in China use PSA to separate hydrogen from coke oven gas for use as a protective gas in steel mills.

　　據了解，日本鋼鐵行業每年提供約40億標準立方米氫氣供應給燃料電池行業使用，通過改進工藝，未來其供應量將進一步增加。另外，由于大多數日本鋼廠位于城市中心附近，所以未來城市所需的大部分清潔能源可由鋼廠負責供應。在我國，隨著氫電池開發、應用成本的降低，利用煉焦煤氣提氫將成為焦爐煤氣資源化利用的新亮點。采用煉焦煤氣生產氫氣將是未來煉焦煤氣資源化應用的新途徑。四、焦爐煤氣用于生產直接還原鐵傳統的煉鐵工業完全依靠碳為還原劑，隨著煉焦煤和焦炭資源的日益短缺，業界正在開發資源節約、環境友好的氫冶金，用焦爐煤氣直接還原鐵是氫冶金重要的應用技術之一。由于氫的還原潛能是一氧化碳的14倍，大力開發焦爐煤氣直接還原鐵，可以大大降低煉鐵過程對煉焦煤和焦炭的消耗。直接還原鐵生產技術的關鍵在于還原性氣體（70％H2和30％C0）的制備，而焦爐煤氣中H2和甲烷含量分別在55％~60％和23％~27％，只需將焦爐煤氣中的甲烷進行裂解（重整）即可獲得74％的H2和25％的CO，以此作為直接還原生產海錦鐵的還原性氣體非常廉價。

　　It is reported that the Japanese steel industry provides approximately 4 billion standard cubic meters of hydrogen gas annually for use in the fuel cell industry, and through improved processes, its supply will further increase in the future. In addition, as most Japanese steel mills are located near urban centers, most of the clean energy needed for cities in the future can be supplied by steel mills. In China, with the reduction of development and application costs of hydrogen batteries, utilizing coking gas to extract hydrogen will become a new highlight in the resource utilization of coke oven gas. The use of coking gas to produce hydrogen will be a new approach for the future resource utilization of coking gas. 4、 The traditional ironmaking industry relies entirely on carbon as a reducing agent for the production of direct reduced iron using coke oven gas. With the increasing shortage of coking coal and coke resources, the industry is developing resource efficient and environmentally friendly hydrogen metallurgy. The direct reduction of iron using coke oven gas is one of the important application technologies in hydrogen metallurgy. Due to the fact that the reduction potential of hydrogen is 14 times that of carbon monoxide, vigorously developing direct reduction of iron from coke oven gas can greatly reduce the consumption of coking coal and coke in the ironmaking process. The key to direct reduction of iron production technology lies in the preparation of reducing gases (70% H2 and 30% C0), and the H2 and methane contents in coke oven gas are 55%~60% and 23%~27%, respectively. By cracking (reforming) the methane in coke oven gas, 74% H2 and 25% CO can be obtained, which is a very cheap reducing gas for direct reduction of Haijin iron production.

　　用焦爐煤氣生產直接還原鐵的研究以HYL-ZR（自重整）希爾工藝技術為基礎，其通過在自身還原段中生成還原氣體而實現最佳的還原效率，因此，該工藝無需使用外部重整爐設備或者其他的還原氣體生成系統。采用HYL-ZR（自重整）希爾工藝用焦爐煤氣生產直接還原鐵的生產成本較低，直接還原鐵的金屬率可達94%。

　　The research on the production of direct reduced iron using coke oven gas is based on the HYL-ZR (self reforming) Hill process technology, which achieves optimal reduction efficiency by generating reducing gas in its own reduction section. Therefore, this process does not require the use of external reforming furnace equipment or other reducing gas generation systems. The production cost of direct reduced iron using the HYL-ZR (self weight leveling) Hill process and coke oven gas is relatively low, and the metal yield of direct reduced iron can reach 94%.

　　五、焦爐煤氣用于高爐噴吹煉鐵高爐噴吹含氫介質強化氫還原已成為當今冶煉工藝的熱點。首先，無論從熱力學還是從動カ學條件看，高溫下氫作為鐵氧化物的還原劑比一氧化碳更具優勢；其次，氫還原的氣態產物是水蒸氣而不是二氧化碳，故噴吹含氫介質可減少二氧化碳的產生量。煉焦過程中，煤炭72％~78％生成焦炭，15％~18％生成焦爐煤氣。在煉鐵過程中，焦炭的還原當量與焦爐煤氣的還原當量之比為1：1，因為H2的還原潛能與CO的還原潛能之比為14：1。因此，將焦爐煤氣通入高爐中同樣可以煉鐵，相當于提高了煉焦煤資源的利用率，可緩解煉焦煤資源供應緊張的問題。

　　5、 The use of coke oven gas for blast furnace injection of ironmaking has become a hot topic in current smelting processes, as it enhances hydrogen reduction by injecting hydrogen containing media into blast furnaces. Firstly, both thermodynamically and kinetically, hydrogen has more advantages as a reducing agent for iron oxides than carbon monoxide at high temperatures; Secondly, the gaseous product of hydrogen reduction is water vapor rather than carbon dioxide, so injecting a hydrogen containing medium can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide produced. During coking, 72%~78% of coal generates coke, and 15%~18% generates coke oven gas. In the ironmaking process, the ratio of the reduction equivalent of coke to the reduction equivalent of coke oven gas is 1:1, because the ratio of the reduction potential of H2 to that of CO is 14:1. Therefore, introducing coke oven gas into the blast furnace can also make iron, which is equivalent to improving the utilization rate of coking coal resources and alleviating the problem of tight supply of coking coal resources.

　　與天然氣相比，焦爐煤氣的還原性能更好。法國、俄羅斯等國已把高爐噴吹焦爐煤氣作為節能減排關鍵技術進行開發，目前我國也已開始了高爐噴吹焦爐煤氣的研究，鋼鐵聯合企業的焦化廠應關注該技術的發展。

　　Compared with natural gas, coke oven gas has better reducing performance. France, Russia and other countries have developed the injection of coke oven gas into blast furnaces as a key technology for energy conservation and emission reduction. Currently, China has also begun research on the injection of coke oven gas into blast furnaces. Coking plants in steel joint ventures should pay attention to the development of this technology.

　　六、焦爐煤氣作為化工原料生產合成氣近年來隨著科技的進步與廣大企業的勇于探素，焦爐煤氣的應用領域拓展到制化肥、甲醇-二甲醚、提取甲烷制LNG和合成甲烷等。1、焦爐煤氣制合成氨--尿素

　　6、 In recent years, with the advancement of technology and the daring exploration of enterprises, the application fields of coke oven gas as a chemical raw material for the production of synthetic gas have expanded to include the production of fertilizers, methanol dimethyl ether, methane extraction to produce LNG, and the synthesis of methane. 1. Synthesis of ammonia urea from coke oven gas

　　早在20世紀60年代，我國本溪鋼鐵公司第二焦化廠率先開發了焦爐煤氣熱裂解技術用于制純氫，與空分氮氣合成氨，進而生產尿素。2、焦爐煤氣生產甲醇

　　As early as the 1960s, the Second Coking Plant of Benxi Iron and Steel Company in China took the lead in developing coke oven gas pyrolysis technology for producing pure hydrogen, synthesizing ammonia with air separation nitrogen, and then producing urea. 2. Production of methanol from coke oven gas

　　每生產1噸甲醇可消耗焦爐煤氣2000立方米～2200立方米，對富余的煉焦煤氣消費非常可觀。以焦爐煤氣生產甲醇500萬噸計算，就可以消耗焦爐煤氣100億～120億立方米。因此，利用焦爐煤氣制甲醇、二甲醒、人造汽油等資源化開發利用比作為燃料具有更大的經濟和社會效益。為推進甲醇燃料的應用，國家先后出臺了M15、M85等甲醇汽油標準，山西、陜西、河南等地已經開始甲醇汽油的車用試點。

　　Producing 1 ton of methanol can consume 2000 cubic meters to 2200 cubic meters of coke oven gas, which is a considerable amount of surplus coke oven gas consumption. Calculating based on the production of 5 million tons of methanol from coke oven gas, 10 billion to 12 billion cubic meters of coke oven gas can be consumed. Therefore, the resource utilization of coke oven gas to produce methanol, dimethyl ether, and synthetic gasoline has greater economic and social benefits than using it as fuel. To promote the application of methanol fuel, the country has successively issued standards for methanol gasoline such as M15 and M85, and pilot projects for methanol gasoline for vehicles have begun in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and other places.

　　3、焦爐煤氣提取或合成天然氣

　　3. Extraction or synthesis of natural gas from coke oven gas

　　在焦爐氣組成中，甲烷含量約23％～27％，一氧化碳和二氧化碳含量占近10％，其余為氫和少量氮，因此焦爐氣通過甲烷化反應，可以使絕大部分一氧化碳和二氧化碳轉化成甲烷，得到主要含氫、甲烷、氮的混合氣體，經進一步分離提純后可以得到甲烷體積在90％以上的合成天然氣（SNG），再經壓縮得到壓縮天然氣（CNG）或經液化得到液化天然氣（LNG）。焦爐煤氣深度凈化后經甲烷化生產天然氣（SNG/CNG/LNG）的技術，具有投資小、消耗低、無污染、能量利用率高等優勢，是焦化企業較佳的選擇。

　　In the composition of coke oven gas, methane content is about 23% to 27%, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide content accounts for nearly 10%, and the rest is hydrogen and a small amount of nitrogen. Therefore, coke oven gas can be converted into methane through methane reaction, obtaining a mixed gas mainly containing hydrogen, methane, and nitrogen. After further separation and purification, synthetic natural gas (SNG) with a methane volume of over 90% can be obtained, which can then be compressed to obtain compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied to obtain liquefied natural gas (LNG). The technology of deep purification of coke oven gas and methane production of natural gas (SNG/CNG/LNG) has the advantages of low investment, low consumption, no pollution, and high energy utilization rate, making it a better choice for coking enterprises.

　　七、焦爐煤氣直接生產合成氣在焦化生產中，從炭化室經上升管逸出的650℃~700℃的荒煤氣，在橋管和集氣管中被大量噴灑的70℃～75℃循環氨水卻至80℃～85℃，接著又在初冷器中被冷卻水冷卻到25C～40℃、650℃～700℃的高溫荒煤氣所帶出的顯熱相當于煉焦過程總熱量的32％，這部分能量幾乎未被利用而白白浪費了。

　　7、 In coking production, coke oven gas directly produces synthesis gas. The 650 ℃~700 ℃ raw gas that escapes from the coking chamber through the riser is sprayed with a large amount of 70 ℃~75 ℃ circulating ammonia water in the bridge and gas collection pipes, but reaches 80 ℃~85 ℃. Then, it is cooled by cooling water in the primary cooler to 25C~40 ℃ and 650 ℃~700 ℃. The sensible heat brought by the high-temperature raw gas is equivalent to 32% of the total heat in the coking process, and this energy is almost not utilized and wasted.

　　為充分利用這部分熱量，20世紀90年代，德國提出建立生產兩種產品--焦炭和還原性氣體的焦化廠，即高溫荒煤氣從炭化室逸出后不冷卻，直接進入熱裂解爐、將焦爐煤氣中的煤焦油、粗苯、氨、萘等有機物熱裂解成以CO和H2為主要成分的合成氣體。這種合成氣體可以作為生產合成氨、生產甲醇-二甲醚等的原料氣，也可以生產直接還原鐵。

　　In order to fully utilize this heat, in the 1990s, Germany proposed the establishment of coking plants that produce two products - coke and reducing gases. That is, high-temperature raw gas escapes from the coking chamber without cooling and directly enters the pyrolysis furnace to thermally crack organic compounds such as coal tar, crude benzene, ammonia, naphthalene, etc. in coke oven gas into synthetic gas mainly composed of CO and H2. This synthetic gas can be used as raw material gas for the production of synthetic ammonia, methanol dimethyl ether, etc., and can also be used to produce direct reduced iron.

　　本文由  焦爐煤氣發電機組  友情奉獻.更多有關的知識請點擊  http://www.xzwdy.cn/   真誠的態度.為您提供為全面的服務.更多有關的知識我們將會陸續向大家奉獻.敬請期待.

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